Description

Challenges is a compelling sequel that extends the historical timeline set in Liaisons, continuing the story of colonial Alexandra, situated in the heart of the Natal South Coast. Beginning in 1860 and progressing to 1889, this novel intricately weaves together the lives of familiar characters while introducing new ones, with a sharp focus on three themes that became increasingly prominent after 1875: the Indian Question, predatory capitalism, and social reform.

The narrative delves deep into the evolving dynamics between the growing Indian population and the white colonial settlers, capturing the shift in attitudes towards Indian immigrants who, after 1875, began to establish commercial enterprises. This led to tensions and resistance from the colonial settlers, who saw the Indian presence as acceptable only as labourers, not as settlers or business owners. By 1886, the Indian population had increased by 278%, totalling 29,589, while the white population barely exceeded 37,000. The notion that Indians should not own stores or settle permanently became central to colonial policy, even as they were denied the same rights as whites.

The book also sheds light on the rise of predatory capitalism, specifically the power held by the sugarocracy—a group of six men who controlled the sugar industry in Natal by the early 1900s. The story reveals how these men, including the Reynolds brothers, not only controlled the economy but also influenced political and social agendas, manipulating transportation costs and government decisions. Their grip on power extends to the exploitation of indentured labourers, shaping policies through political and financial influence.

Another crucial theme explored is social reform, particularly the character of Victoria Snell, who challenges the restrictive roles assigned to women in colonial society. While women were often confined to domestic duties, Victoria defied these conventions, advocating for the right to enfranchise women and promote gender equality. The novel also highlights the human rights abuses of the time, especially concerning the treatment of indentured labourers, with characters like Sarika representing those who were oppressed but ahead of their time.

By blending these themes within the political and infrastructural developments of the period, Challenges paints a vivid portrait of a forgotten chapter in South African history. The novel offers an alternative view of the Natal South Coast as more than just a sugar-producing region, portraying it as a place steeped in social unrest and systemic inequality. The rich historical narrative captures the struggles of ordinary people against entrenched power, shedding light on the often-overlooked voices from the cane fields of Alexandra County, as noted by Professor Rajend Mesthrie.